Experts say a recent FERC decision and falling prices are
creating an opportunity for Northeast states to aggressively adopt energy
storage.
While California and other solar-heavy states are leading on
energy storage targets, experts say New York, New Jersey, Massachusetts and
Maryland could quickly close the gap, with political support.
“Legislators in those states are putting everybody on notice
that ‘We’re going there,’” said Mike Jacobs, a Cambridge, Mass.-based senior
managing analyst with the Union of Concerned Scientists. “It might not be as
lucrative as you want or as scary as you feared, but we’re going there.”
And they can “go there” because prices on storage systems
have dropped as batteries and other technologies have flourished.
However, “without public policy prodding, really significant
adoptions of energy storage are going to take a long time because of inherent
inertia in the utility world,” Jacobs continued.
Judy Chang, a Massachusetts-based principal with the Brattle Group,
agrees. In fact, she said, the Northeast could “out-megawatt” the sunnier west
on energy storage if wholesale electricity marketers step up and if states
unlock the benefits for customers as well as transmission and distribution
providers.
States intent on maximizing energy storage at the local
level received a complementary boost from the Federal Energy Regulatory
Commission (FERC), which recently directed wholesale electricity market
operators—Independent System Operators (ISO) and regional Transmission
Organizations (RTOs)—to design energy storage rules.
Chang is one of four authors of a report predicting
that FERC’s Order 841 is setting the course for 50,000 MW of storage
nationwide.
With California forecasting 10,000 MW of storage
longer-term, 50,000 MW across the country “is not that far of a reach,” she
said.
Jacobs agreed, calling Order 841 an eye-opener at the grid
level. “It says you can’t stand idle; you can’t exclude energy storage.”
‘Like peanut butter and chocolate’
While the fates of ambitious energy storage targets in New
Jersey and Massachusetts are in flux, plans in both Maryland and New York are
progressing.
For instance, Maryland has become the first state to offer
tax credits to commercial and residential customers who design projects that
can store electrical energy. This year, the Maryland Energy Administration is
offering up to $750,000 in credits.
Farther north, the New York Public Service Commission (PSC)
has green-lighted two initiatives to boost energy storage. One streamlines the
export of electricity from private storage systems to Consolidated Edison’s
distribution system. The other more than doubles the capacity—from 2 MW to 5
MW—of storage projects that qualify for New York’s clean energy program.
Both measures approved by the PSC align with Gov. Andrew
Cuomo’s goal of achieving at least 1.5 GW of storage by 2025. They also
garnered backing from advocacy organizations such as Vote Solar and the Solar
Energy Industries Association (SEIA).
“It’s terrific that states like New York have taken that
leadership to drive a cleaner economy,” said Sean Gallagher, SEIA’s vice
president of state affairs.
The falling cost of solar—a 70 percent decrease in the last
half-dozen or so years—combined with sound state policies have driven
deployment and made installations and operations more valuable, Gallagher
explained.
“Energy storage is in a similar position to where solar was
six or seven years ago,” he continued. “Prices are dropping. Now is the time
for states to help get it out in the marketplace.”
Gallagher says solar power and energy storage are
“like peanut butter and chocolate. They’re great on their own and
terrific together because they create market opportunities for one another.”
In Massachusetts, senators are attempting to add prodigious
amounts of both foodstuffs to the state’s diet by accelerating a transition to
renewable power and bumping energy storage up to 1,766 MW by 2025. The
far-reaching proposal, which builds on the Global Warming Solutions Act of
2008, is in limbo because of a wary House and Republican Gov. Charlie Baker.
Disappointment with energy storage goals laid out by the
Baker administration prompted senators to try to “out-California California,”
Jacobs said.
From ‘exotic’ to mainstream
Jacobs has witnessed energy storage evolve from the “couple
of science projects” it was 20 years ago to the mainstream entity it is
becoming today.
As part of a private wind company about a decade ago, he
joined a small team that deployed a U.S. Department of Energy loan to
demonstrate how energy storage could stabilize a series of separate grids on
the Hawaiian Islands.
That success with storage in an “exotic” setting helped to
bolster confidence in batteries, Jacobs said.
In tandem, DOE backed research that revealed to wholesalers
such as PJM Interconnection, California ISO and ISO New England how rapidly batteries
and other storage technologies—flywheels, pumped water systems and electric
vehicle chargers—could be tweaked to respond to the grid’s ever-changing supply
and demand for electrons.
Pennsylvania-based PJM was particularly aggressive. By 2012,
the grid operator in 13 states and Washington, D.C., was showcasing a 1 MW
battery energy storage demonstration at its headquarters. That proved to be a
breakthrough.
Once operators recognized storage’s value, changes to
policies and market rules followed.
Indeed, PJM and California ISO are responsible for roughly
two-thirds of utility-scale battery storage power capacity installed in 2016,
according to data compiled by the Energy Information Administration.
California is on track to reach 2,000 MW of storage by 2020
and the utility regulator in Arizona has floated a proposal for 3,000 MW by
2030.
Combined, NY ISO, ISO New England and PJM, which extends
west to Illinois, could exceed targets in the far west, Chang said.
“The drivers for investing in storage in these regions are
different,” she said, adding that aggressive renewable portfolio standards
accelerate momentum in the west.
In New England, she added, storage is a draw for high system
reliability and for backup power capability to cover shorter outages during
winter storms, when natural gas is in short supply.
“Storage begins as a risky and expensive project,” Jacobs
said. “But once things mature in the electric power world, industry tries to
standardize them and turn things into commodities.”
Storage “could snowball just like solar has snowballed,”
Chang said. “But much of that will depend on where the rest of the world is
going.”
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